Jump to content

List of coupled cousins

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of notable individuals who have been romantically or maritally coupled with a full first cousin.

Worldwide, more than 10% of marriages are between first or second cousins.[1]

Cousin marriage is an important subject in sociology, anthropology, and alliance theory.[2]

Notable people

[edit]

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

Royalty in Europe

[edit]
Husband Wife Married Shared grandparents Ref(s)
Adolph of Cleves, Lord of Ravenstein Anna van Bourgondië 1470 John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria
Adolphus I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe Princess Hermine of Waldeck and Pyrmont 25 October 1844 George I, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont and Princess Augusta of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Adolphus Frederick I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Anna Maria of Ostfriesland 4 September 1622 Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp and Christine of Hesse
Afonso V of Portugal Isabel of Coimbra 6 May 1447 John I of Portugal and Philippa of Lancaster
Prince Albert of Prussia Princess Marianne of the Netherlands 14 September 1830 Frederick William II of Prussia and Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt
Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Queen Victoria 10 February 1840 Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf
Albert IV, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach Dorothea of Saxe-Altenburg 24 June 1633 Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar and Dorothea Susanne of Simmern
Albert VII, Archduke of Austria Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain 18 April 1599 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Isabella of Portugal
Albert Anton, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Countess Emilie Juliane of Barby-Mühlingen 7 June 1665 Anthony II, Count of Oldenburg and Sibylle Elisabeth of Brunswick-Dannenberg
Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta Princess Maria Antonietta of Bourbon-Two Sicilies 8 June 1868 Francis I of the Two Sicilies and María Isabella of Spain
Alfonso V of Aragon Maria of Castile 12 June 1415 John I of Castile and Eleanor of Aragon, Queen of Castile
Alfonso IX of León Theresa of Portugal, Queen of León 15 February 1191 Afonso I of Portugal and Matilda of Savoy, Queen of Portugal
Alfonso XI of Castile Maria of Portugal, Queen of Castile 24 June 1328 Sancho IV of Castile and María de Molina;
Denis of Portugal and Elizabeth of Portugal
Alfonso XII of Spain Mercedes of Orléans 23 January 1878 Ferdinand VII of Spain and Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
Prince Alfred of Liechtenstein Princess Henriette of Liechtenstein 26 April 1865 Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein and Landgravine Josepha of Fürstenberg-Weitra
Alfred II, Prince of Windisch-Grätz Princess Hedwig of Lobkowicz 19 October 1850 Joseph II, Prince of Schwarzenberg and Princesse Pauline of Arenberg
Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta Princess Anne of Orléans 5 November 1927 Prince Philippe, Count of Paris and Princess Marie Isabelle of Orléans
Amyntas IV of Macedon Cynane Amyntas III of Macedon and Eurydice I of Macedon
Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick Elisabeth Juliane of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg 17 August 1656 Rudolph, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst and Dorothea Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Infante Antonio, Duke of Galliera Infanta Eulalia of Spain 6 March 1886 Ferdinand VII of Spain and Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
Prince August of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen Princess Christine of Anhalt-Bernburg 27 April 1762 Karl Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg and Sophie Albertine of Solms-Sonnenwalde
Prince August Wilhelm of Prussia Princess Alexandra Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg 22 October 1908 Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein and Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
Augustus William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Christine Sophie of Brunswick-Lüneburg 29 June 1681 Augustus II, Duke of Brunswick and Dorothea of Anhalt-Zerbst
Augustus William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Elisabeth Sophie Marie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg 12 September 1710 Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderburg-Norburg and Eleanor of Anhalt-Zerbst
Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac Bonne of Berry 2 December 1393 John I, Count of Armagnac and Beatrice of Clermont
Infante Carlos, Count of Montemolin Princess Maria Carolina of the Two Sicilies 10 July 1850 Charles IV of Spain and Maria Luisa of Parma
Charles, Duke of Orléans Isabella of Valois 29 October 1406 Charles V of France and Joanna of Bourbon
Charles the Bold Isabella of Bourbon 30 October 1454 John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria
Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel Princess Louise of Denmark 30 August 1766 George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach
Charles, Duke of Aumale Marie of Lorraine 10 November 1576 Claude, Duke of Guise and Antoinette of Bourbon
Charles, Margrave of Burgau Sibylle of Jülich-Cleves-Berg 4 March 1601 Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
Charles, Wild- and Rhinegrave of Salm-Dhaun Louise of Nassau-Ottweiler 19 January 1704 John Louis, Count of Nassau-Ottweiler and Countess Palatine Dorothea Catherine of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler
Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel Maria Amalia of Courland 21 May 1673 George William, Elector of Brandenburg and Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, Electress of Brandenburg
Charles III of Naples Margaret of Durazzo 24 January 1370 John, Duke of Durazzo and Agnes of Périgord
Charles IV of Spain Maria Luisa of Parma 4 September 1765 Philip V of Spain and Elisabeth Farnese
Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine Nicole, Duchess of Lorraine 23 May 1621 Charles III, Duke of Lorraine and Claude of Valois
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Isabella of Portugal 10 March 1526 Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile
Charles XIII Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp 7 July 1774 Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin and Princess Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach
Charles Albert II, Prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst Princess Leopodine of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort 19 May 1761 Dominic Marquard, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort and Landgravine Christine of Hesse-Wanfried
Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach Princess Sophie of the Netherlands 8 October 1842 Paul I of Russia and Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg
Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy Françoise Madeleine d'Orléans 4 March 1663 Henry IV of France and Marie de' Medici
Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden Princess Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt 15 July 1775 Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg
Charles Lucien Bonaparte Zénaïde Bonaparte 29 June 1822 Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Ramolino
Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria Countess Palatine Elisabeth Auguste of Sulzbach 17 January 1742 Theodore Eustace, Count Palatine of Sulzbach and Princess Maria Eleonore of Hesse-Rotenburg
Prince Christian of Schaumburg-Lippe Princess Feodora of Denmark 9 September 1937 Frederick VIII of Denmark and Louise of Sweden
Christian II, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg Erdmuthe Dorothea of Saxe-Zeitz 14 October 1679 John George I, Elector of Saxony and Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia
Christian VII of Denmark Princess Caroline Matilda of Wales 8 November 1766 George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach
Christian VIII of Denmark Duchess Charlotte Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 21 June 1806 Ludwig, Hereditary Prince of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Princess Charlotte Sophie of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
Christian Albrecht, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg Caroline of Stolberg-Gedern 13 April 1761 Louis Crato, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken and Countess Philippine Henriette of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin Princess Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach 2 September 1704 Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp and Duchess Marie Elisabeth of Saxony
Christian Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth Erdmuthe Sophie of Saxony 29 October 1662 Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth and Marie of Prussia, Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
Christian Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen Anna Sibylle of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 15 November 1612 Günther XL, Count of Schwarzburg and Countess Elisabeth zu Ysenburg-Büdingen in Birstein
Christian Günther III, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen Charlotte Wilhelmine of Anhalt-Bernburg 4 February 1760 Karl Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg and Sophie Albertine of Solms-Sonnenwalde
Christian Ludwig II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Duchess Gustave Caroline of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 13 November 1714 Adolphus Frederick I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Duchess Marie Katharina of Brunswick-Dannenberg
Constantine, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg Countess Sophia von Starhemberg 25 August 1745 Maximilian Karl, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort and Countess Maria Polyxena Khuen of Lichtenberg and Belasi
Drusus Julius Caesar Livilla 4 Tiberius Claudius Nero and Livia
Erdmann August, Hereditary Prince of Brandenburg-Bayreuth Margravine Sophie of Brandenburg-Ansbach 8 December 1641 John George, Elector of Brandenburg and Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst
Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 29 August 1815 Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg and Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen
Ernest Günther I, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg Princess Augusta of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg 15 June 1651 John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg and Elisabeth of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 9 April 1894 Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Ernst II Leopold, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg Eleonore of Löwenstein-Wertheim 9 November 1704 Ferdinand Karl, Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort and Countess Anna Maria of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg
Ernst Ludwig I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen Dorothea Marie of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 19 September 1704 Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha and Princess Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg
Duke Eugen of Württemberg Princess Mathilde of Schaumburg-Lippe 15 July 1843 George I, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont and Princess Augusta of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg 6 November 1919 Miguel I of Portugal and Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg
Prince Ferdinand of Bavaria Infanta María Teresa of Spain 12 January 1906 Isabella II of Spain and Francisco de Asís, Duke of Cádiz
Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu Beatriz of Portugal, Duchess of Viseu 16 March 1452 John I of Portugal and Philippa of Lancaster
Ferdinand I of Naples Joanna of Aragon, Queen of Naples 14 September 1477 Ferdinand I of Aragon and Eleanor of Alburquerque
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor Maria Anna of Bavaria 23 April 1600 Albert V, Duke of Bavaria and Archduchess Anna of Austria
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor Maria Anna of Spain 20 February 1631 Charles II, Archduke of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor Maria Leopoldine of Austria 2 July 1648 Charles II, Archduke of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria
Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily 15 August 1790 Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa;
Charles III of Spain and Maria Amalia of Saxony
Ferdinand VII of Spain Princess Maria Antonia of Naples and Sicily 6 October 1802 Charles III of Spain and Maria Amalia of Saxony
Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria Anna de' Medici, Archduchess of Austria 10 June 1646 Charles II, Archduke of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria;
Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Christina of Lorraine
Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany Vittoria della Rovere 26 September 1633 Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Christina of Lorraine
Francesco II d'Este, Duke of Modena Margherita Maria Farnese 14 July 1692 Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena and Maria Caterina Farnese
Francis I of the Two Sicilies Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria 26 June 1797 Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa;
Charles III of Spain and Maria Amalia of Saxony
Francis I of the Two Sicilies María Isabella of Spain 10 October 1802 Charles III of Spain and Maria Amalia of Saxony
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily 15 September 1790 Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa;
Charles III of Spain and Maria Amalia of Saxony
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este 6 January 1808 Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa
Francisco de Asís, Duke of Cádiz Isabella II of Spain 10 October 1846 Charles IV of Spain and Maria Luisa of Parma;
Francis I of the Two Sicilies and María Isabella of Spain
Franz Joseph I of Austria Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria 24 April 1854 Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and Caroline of Baden
Prince Frederick of the Netherlands Princess Louise of Prussia 21 May 1825 Frederick William II of Prussia and Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt
Prince Frederick of Württemberg Princess Catherine of Württemberg 20 November 1845 Frederick I of Württemberg and Duchess Augusta of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Frederick I of Prussia Elisabeth Henriette of Hesse-Kassel 23 August 1679 George William, Elector of Brandenburg and Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, Electress of Brandenburg
Frederick I of Sweden Princess Luise Dorothea of Prussia 31 May 1700 William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Hedwig Sophie of Brandenburg
Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg Princess Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst 7 June 1696 Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels and Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg Princess Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen 17 September 1729 Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and Magdalena Sibylla of Saxe-Weissenfels
Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp Hedvig Sophia of Sweden 12 May 1698 Frederick III of Denmark and Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Calenberg
Frederick IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg Princess Ulrike Louise of Solms-Braunfels 10 October 1746 Wilhelm Moritz, Count of Solms-Braunfels and Magdalena Sophie of Hesse-Homburg
Frederick VI of Denmark Marie of Hesse-Kassel 31 July 1790 Frederick V of Denmark and Louise of Great Britain
Frederick Casimir Kettler Princess Elisabeth Sophie of Brandenburg 29 April 1691 George William, Elector of Brandenburg and Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, Electress of Brandenburg
Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria 13 June 1747 Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor and Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick
Frederick Henry, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt Princess Leopoldine Marie of Anhalt-Dessau 13 February 1739 John George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau and Countess Henriette Catharina of Nassau
Frederick Louis, Count of Nassau-Ottweiler Louise Sophie of Hanau-Lichtenberg 27 September 1697 Christian I, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler and Countess Palatine Magdalene Catherine of Zweibrücken
Frederick Louis, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken Juliana Magdalena of Palatinate-Zweibrücken 14 November 1645 John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken and Magdalene of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
Frederick William, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Princess Augusta of Cambridge 28 June 1843 Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Caroline of Nassau-Usingen
Frederick William I of Prussia Sophia Dorothea of Hanover 28 November 1706 Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover and Sophia of Hanover
Frederick William II of Prussia Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Crown Princess of Prussia 14 July 1765 Frederick William I of Prussia and Sophia Dorothea of Hanover;
Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and Princess Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Friedrich Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Auguste of Anhalt-Dessau 15 April 1816 Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg and Princess Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt
Friedrich Josias, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Countess Viktoria-Luise of Solms-Baruth 25 January 1942 Friedrich Ferdinand, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein and Princess Karoline Mathilde of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
Duke George of Oldenburg Catherine Pavlovna of Russia 3 August 1809 Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg and Princess Friederike of Brandenburg-Schwedt
George I of Great Britain Sophia Dorothea of Celle 22 November 1682 George, Duke of Brunswick and Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt
George IV of the United Kingdom Caroline of Brunswick 8 April 1795 Frederick, Prince of Wales and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
Prince George Bernhard of Anhalt-Dessau Princess Karoline of Scharzburg-Rudolstadt 6 August 1825 Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg and Princess Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt
George Rudolf of Liegnitz Sophie Elisabeth of Anhalt-Dessau 4 November 1614 Joachim Ernest, Prince of Anhalt and Agnes of Barby-Mühlingen
George Rudolf of Liegnitz Elisabeth Magdalena of Münsterberg-Oels 25 November 1624 George II of Brieg and Barbara of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brieg
Gian Galeazzo Sforza Isabella of Aragon, Duchess of Milan 2 February 1489 Francesco I Sforza and Bianca Maria Visconti
Gian Galeazzo Visconti Caterina Visconti 2 October 1380 Stefano Visconti and Valentina Doria
Günther Friedrich Karl II, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen Princess Caroline of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 12 March 1827 Frederick Charles, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Princess Friederike Sophie Auguste of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg Princess Anna Louise of Schönburg-Waldenburg 9 December 1891 Otto Victor, Prince of Schönburg-Waldenburg and Princess Thekla of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
Gustav, Prince of Vasa Princess Louise Amelie of Baden 9 November 1830 Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden and Princess Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt
Haakon VII of Norway Maud of Wales 22 July 1896 Christian IX of Denmark and Louise of Hesse-Kassel
Şehzade Halil Irene Palaiologina 28 May 1347 John VI Kantakouzenos and Irene Asanina
Hans, Prince of Hohenlohe-Öhringen Princess Olga of Hohenlohe-Öhringen 29 April 1889 August, Prince of Hohenlohe-Öhringen and Duchess Louise of Württemberg
Hans-Adam I, Prince of Liechtenstein Erdmuthe Maria Theresia of Dietrichstein 16 February 1681 Maximilian, Prince of Dietrichstein and Princess Anna Maria of Liechtenstein
Henri I, Prince of Condé Marie of Cleves, Princess of Condé 4 December 1572 Charles, Duke of Vendôme and Françoise d'Alençon
Henri d'Orléans, Duke of Aumale Princess Maria Carolina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies 25 November 1844 Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and Maria Carolina of Austria
Henry, Duke of Villena Infanta Catherine, Duchess of Villena 12 July 1420 John I of Castile and Eleanor of Aragon, Queen of Castile
Prince Henry of Prussia Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine 24 May 1888 Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Henry IV of Castile Blanche II of Navarre 15 September 1440 Ferdinand I of Aragon and Eleanor of Alburquerque
Henry IV of Castile Joan of Portugal 21 May 1455 Ferdinand I of Aragon and Eleanor of Alburquerque
Henry Frederick, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg Countess Eleonore Magdalene of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim 25 January 1652 Wolfgang, Count of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim and Magdalena of Nassau-Dillenburg
Herman Adolph, Count of Lippe Countess Amalia of Lippe-Brake 27 February 1666 Simon VI, Count of Lippe and Elizabeth of Schaumburg and Holstein-Pinneberg
Henry Casimir II, Prince of Nassau-Dietz Princess Henriëtte Amalia of Anhalt-Dessau 16 November 1683 Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange and Amalia of Solms-Braunfels
Herman IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg Sophie Juliane of Waldeck-Wildungen 31 December 1633 John VII, Count of Nassau-Siegen and Magdalene of Waldeck-Wildungen
Ivan Sratsimir of Bulgaria Anna of Wallachia 1356 Basarab I of Wallachia and Doamna Margareta
Prince Jean, Duke of Guise Princess Isabelle of Orléans 30 October 1899 Prince Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans and Duchess Helene of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
João I, Duke of Braganza Catarina of Portugal, Duchess of Braganza 8 December 1563 Jaime, Duke of Braganza and Leonor Pérez de Guzmán
João Manuel, Prince of Portugal Joanna of Austria, Princess of Portugal 11 January 1552 Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile;
Manuel I of Portugal and Maria of Aragon, Queen of Portugal
Johann, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen Johanna of Hohenzollern-Hechingen 30 June 1602 Karl I, Count of Hohenzollern and Anna of Baden-Durlach
Johann Adolf I, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels Johanna Magdalena of Saxe-Altenburg 25 October 1671 John George I, Elector of Saxony and Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia
Johann Christoph, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 21 September 1608 Karl I, Count of Hohenzollern and Anna of Baden-Durlach
Johann Nepomuk Karl, Prince of Liechtenstein Countess Maria Josepha of Harrach-Rohrau 19 March 1744 Anton Florian, Prince of Liechtenstein and Countess Eleonore Barbara of Thun-Hohenstein
John Stewart, Duke of Albany Anne de La Tour d'Auvergne 13 July 1505 Bertrand VI, Count of Auvergne and Louise de La Trémoille
John of Valois, Count of Montpensier Catherine of France, Countess of Montpensier 5 August 1386 John II of France and Bonne of Luxembourg
John, Count of Soissons and Enghien Mary of Bourbon 14 June 1557 Francis, Count of Vendôme and Marie I, Countess of Saint-Pol and Soissons
John, Duke of Östergötland Princess Maria Elizabeth of Sweden 29 November 1612 Gustav I of Sweden and Margaret Leijonhufvud
John II of Castile Maria of Aragon, Queen of Castile 4 August 1420 John I of Castile and Eleanor of Aragon, Queen of Castile
John II of Portugal Eleanor of Viseu 22 January 1470 Edward, King of Portugal and Eleanor of Aragon, Queen of Portugal
John III of Portugal Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal 10 February 1525 Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile
John IV, Duke of Brabant Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut 10 March 1418 Philip the Bold and Margaret III, Countess of Flanders
John V of Portugal Maria Anna of Austria 27 October 1708 Philip William, Elector Palatine and Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt
John Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst Princess Fredericka of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 25 May 1702 Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels and Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
John Casimir, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau Sophie Margarete of Anhalt-Bernburg 14 July 1651 Joachim Ernest, Prince of Anhalt and Agnes of Barby-Mühlingen
John Christian of Brieg Dorothea Sibylle of Brandenburg 12 December 1610 Joachim Ernest, Prince of Anhalt and Agnes of Barby-Mühlingen
John Christian, Count Palatine of Sulzbach Princess Eleonore of Hesse-Rotenburg 11 January 1731 William I, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg and Countess Maria Anna of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort
John George II, Elector of Saxony Margravine Magdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth 13 November 1638 Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia and Marie Eleonore of Cleves
Joseph Wenzel I, Prince of Liechtenstein Anna Maria of Liechtenstein 19 April 1718 Prince Hartmann III of Liechtenstein and Countess Sidonie Elisabeth of Salm-Reifferscheidt
Julius Ernst, Duke of Brunswick-Dannenberg Duchess Sybille of Braunschweig-Lüneburg 18 December 1617 Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick and Duchess Sophia of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Karl, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg Princess Vilhelmine Marie of Denmark 19 May 1838 Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Louise of Denmark
Karl Aloys, Prince of Fürstenberg Princess Elisabeth of Thurn and Taxis 4 November 1790 Joseph Wilhelm Ernst, Prince of Fürstenberg and Countess Maria Anna von Waldstein-Wartenberg
Karl Anselm, 4th Prince of Thurn and Taxis Duchess Auguste of Württemberg 3 September 1753 Anselm Franz, 2nd Prince of Thurn and Taxis and Maria Ludovika Anna Franziska, Princess of Lobkowicz
Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern Princess Joséphine Caroline of Belgium 28 May 1894 Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern and Princess Josephine of Baden
Prince Karl Anton August of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck Countess Charlotte of Dohna-Leistenau 30 May 1754 Frederick Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck and Louise Charlotte of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
Karl August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont Countess Palatine Christiane Henriette of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld 19 August 1741 Christian II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld and Countess Katharina Agathe of Rappoltstein
Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria 18 April 1854 Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Luisa of Spain
Karl Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg Sophie Albertine of Solms-Sonnenwalde 25 June 1692 Christian II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg and Eleonore Sophie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg
Karl Friedrich, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen Johanna of Hohenzollern-Bergh 2 March 1749 Meinrad II, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Johanna Katharina von Montfort
Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria Princess Margaretha of Saxony 4 November 1856 Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and Caroline of Baden
Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria Princess Maria Immaculata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies 19 September 1861 Francis I of the Two Sicilies and María Isabella of Spain
Karl Theodor, Duke in Bavaria Princess Sophie of Saxony 11 February 1865 Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and Caroline of Baden
Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 8 October 1905 Alexander II of Russia and Marie of Hesse
Knud, Hereditary Prince of Denmark Princess Caroline-Mathilde of Denmark 8 September 1933 Frederick VIII of Denmark and Louise of Sweden
Leo III of Armenia Agnes (Marie) de Lusignan Leo II, King of Armenia and Keran, Queen of Armenia;
Hugh III of Cyprus and Isabella of Ibelin, Queen of Cyprus and Jerusalem
Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies 7 June 1833 Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and Maria Carolina of Austria
Leopold III, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau Princess Louise of Brandenburg-Schwedt 25 July 1767 Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau and Anna Luise Föhse
Leopold Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Montbéliard Sibylle of Württemberg 22 November 1647 Frederick I, Duke of Württemberg and Sibylla of Anhalt
Leopold Wilhelm, Margrave of Baden-Baden Countess Maria Franziska of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg 23 February 1666 Johann Georg, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Franziska of Salm-Neufville
Louis of Cyprus Charlotte, Queen of Cyprus 7 October 1459 Janus, King of Cyprus and Charlotte of Bourbon, Queen of Cyprus
Louis I of Etruria Maria Luisa, Duchess of Lucca 5 August 1795 Philip, Duke of Parma and Louise-Élisabeth of France
Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse Princess Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt 19 February 1777 Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg
Louis I, Duke of Orléans Valentina Visconti, Duchess of Orléans 25 November 1386 John II of France and Bonne of Luxembourg
Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse Princess Wilhelmine of Baden 19 June 1804 Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken
Louis VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt Maria Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp 24 November 1650 John George I, Elector of Saxony and Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia
Louis XIV of France Maria Theresa of Spain 9 June 1660 Henry IV of France and Marie de' Medici;
Philip III of Spain and Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain
Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême 10 June 1799 Louis, Dauphin of France and Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France
Louis Armand II, Prince of Conti Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon 9 July 1713 Henri Jules, Prince of Condé and Anne Henriette of Bavaria
Louis François Joseph, Prince of Conti Princess Maria Fortunata d'Este 7 February 1759 Philippe II, Duke of Orléans and Françoise Marie de Bourbon
Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon Marie Anne de Bourbon 9 August 1713 Henri Jules, Prince of Condé and Anne Henriette of Bavaria
Prince Ludwig of Bavaria Princess Irmingard of Bavaria 20 July 1950 Ludwig III of Bavaria and Maria Theresa of Austria-Este
Ludwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg Countess Eleanor of Nassau-Saarbrücken 23 January 1723 Henry Frederick, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg and Countess Juliana Dorothea of Castell-Remlingen;
Gustav Adolph, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken and Landgravine Eleonore Klara of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein
Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria Infanta María de la Paz of Spain 2 April 1883 Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain and Princess Luisa Carlotta of the Two Sicilies
Marcus Aurelius Faustina the Younger 13 May 145 Marcus Annius Verus and Rupilia Faustina
Marcus Claudius Marcellus Julia the Elder 25 BC Gaius Octavius and Atia
Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor Anna of Tyrol 4 December 1611 Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria Elisabeth of Lorraine 9 February 1595 Francis I, Duke of Lorraine and Christina of Denmark
Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress 13 September 1548 Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile
Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria Maria Anna Sophia of Saxony 9 July 1747 Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor and Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick
Prince Miguel, Duke of Braganza Princess Maria Theresa of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg 8 November 1893 Constantine, Hereditary Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg and Princess Agnes of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
Napoléon Louis Bonaparte Charlotte Bonaparte 23 July 1826 Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Ramolino
Nero Julius Caesar Julia Livia 20 Nero Claudius Drusus and Antonia Minor
Nicholas Francis, Duke of Lorraine Claude Françoise de Lorraine 18 February 1634 Charles III, Duke of Lorraine and Claude of Valois
Olav V of Norway Princess Märtha of Sweden 21 March 1929 Frederick VIII of Denmark and Louise of Sweden
Otto, Prince of Stolberg-Wernigerode Princess Anna Reuss of Köstritz 22 August 1863 Henry, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode and Princess Johanna of Schönburg-Waldenburg
Duke Paul Frederick of Mecklenburg Princess Marie of Windisch-Graetz 5 May 1881 Paul Frederick, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Alexandrine of Prussia, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Infante Pedro Carlos of Spain and Portugal Infanta Maria Teresa of Braganza 13 May 1810 Maria I of Portugal and Peter III of Portugal
Philibert I, Duke of Savoy Bianca Maria Sforza 6 January 1474 Louis, Duke of Savoy and Anne of Cyprus
Philip II of Spain Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal 15 November 1543 Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile;
Manuel I of Portugal and Maria of Aragon, Queen of Portugal
Philipp Reinhard, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg Countess Palatine Magdalena Claudia of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler 27 February 1689 Christian I, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler and Countess Palatine Magdalene Catherine of Zweibrücken
Prince Philippe, Count of Paris Princess Marie Isabelle of Orléans 30 May 1864 Louis Philippe I and Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily
Philippe I, Duke of Orléans Henrietta of England 31 March 1661 Henry IV of France and Marie de' Medici
Philippe II, Duke of Orléans Françoise Marie de Bourbon 18 February 1692 Louis XIII and Anne of Austria
Pietro de' Medici Eleonora di Garzia di Toledo April 1571 Pedro de Toledo y Zúñiga and María Osorio y Pimentel, 2nd Marquise of Villafranca del Bierzo
Archduke Rainer Ferdinand of Austria Archduchess Maria Karoline of Austria 21 February 1852 Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Luisa of Spain
Ramiro II of León Adosinda Gutiérrez Hermenegildo Gutiérrez and Ermesenda Gatónez
Prince Ranieri, Duke of Castro Countess Maria Carolina Zamoyska 12 September 1923 Prince Francis, Count of Trapani and Archduchess Maria Isabella of Austria
Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma Isabella d'Este, Duchess of Parma 18 February 1664 Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma and Margherita Aldobrandini
Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma Maria d'Este 1 October 1668 Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma and Margherita Aldobrandini
Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres Princess Françoise of Orléans 11 June 1863 Louis Philippe I and Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily
Ruprecht of the Palatinate Elisabeth of Bavaria 10 February 1499 Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria and Amalia of Saxony, Duchess of Bavaria
Simon August, Count of Lippe-Detmold Princess Polyxena Louise of Nassau-Weilburg 24 August 1750 George August, Count of Nassau-Idstein and Princess Henriette Dorothea of Oettingen
Teodósio I, Duke of Braganza Isabel de Lencastre 25 June 1542 Fernando II, Duke of Braganza and Isabel of Viseu
Umberto I of Italy Margherita of Savoy 21 April 1868 Charles Albert of Sardinia and Maria Theresa of Austria, Queen of Sardinia
Victor Emmanuel II of Italy Adelaide of Austria 12 April 1842 Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Carignano and Princess Maria Christina of Saxony
Vincenzo I Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua Eleanor de' Medici 29 April 1584 Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
Prince Wilhelm of Prussia Princess Maria Anna of Hesse-Homburg 10 January 1804 Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken
William, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal Princess Ulrika Eleonora of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld 22 June 1755 Philip, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal and Catherine of Solms-Laubach
Duke William of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Princess Alexandrine of Prussia 9 December 1865 Frederick William III of Prussia and Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
William I of the Netherlands Wilhelmine of Prussia, Queen of the Netherlands 1 October 1791 Prince Augustus William of Prussia and Duchess Luise of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
William I of Württemberg Catherine Pavlovna of Russia 24 January 1816 Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg and Princess Friederike of Brandenburg-Schwedt
William I of Württemberg Pauline Therese of Württemberg 5 April 1820 Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg and Princess Friederike of Brandenburg-Schwedt
William I, Elector of Hesse Princess Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark 1 September 1764 George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach
William I, Count of Solms-Braunfels Maria Amalia of Nassau-Dillenburg 22 August 1600 William I, Count of Nassau-Siegen and Juliana of Stolberg
William III of England Mary II of England 4 November 1677 Charles I of England and Henrietta Maria of France
William III of the Netherlands Sophie of Württemberg 18 June 1839 Paul I of Russia and Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg
William Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Weimar Charlotte Marie of Saxe-Jena 2 November 1683 William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar and Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau
Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh 22 July 1816 Frederick, Prince of Wales and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
William Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach Christiane Charlotte of Württemberg-Winnental 28 July 1709 Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Sophie Margarete of Oettingen-Oettingen
William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg Countess Anna of Nassau 25 November 1587 William I, Count of Nassau-Siegen and Juliana of Stolberg
Władysław IV Vasa Cecilia Renata of Austria 9 August 1637 Charles II, Archduke of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria

Royalty outside Europe

[edit]
Husband Wife Married Shared grandparents Ref(s)
Abdul 'Ali Yil-Kabier Hamidah Jamalul Bulqiah 17 April 2005 Omar Ali Saifuddien III and Queen Damit of Brunei
Abhakara Kiartivongse Dibyasambandh 28 February 1900 Mongkut and Debsirindra
Alexander of Judaea Alexandra the Maccabee Alexander Jannaeus and Salome Alexandra
Al-Hadi Lubabah bint Ja'far 784–85 CE Al-Mansur and Arwa
Moulay Ali Alaoui Lalla Fatima Zohra 16 August 1961 Yusef of Morocco and Lalla Yaqut
Al-Mamun Umm Isa 805 CE al-Mahdi and al-Khayzuran
Antiochus II Theos Laodice I 266 BC Seleucus I Nicator and Apama
Antiochus III the Great Laodice III 222 BC Antiochus II Theos and Laodice I
Antiochus VIII Grypus Tryphaena 125 BC Ptolemy VI Philometor and Cleopatra II
Antiochus VIII Grypus Cleopatra Selene of Syria 102 BC Ptolemy VI Philometor and Cleopatra II
Antiochus IX Cyzicenus Cleopatra IV Ptolemy VI Philometor and Cleopatra II
Antiochus IX Cyzicenus Cleopatra Selene of Syria Ptolemy VI Philometor and Cleopatra II
Ariarathes VI of Cappadocia Laodice of Cappadocia Pharnaces I of Pontus and Nysa
Ariifaaite Pōmare IV 5 December 1832 Tamatoa IV and Tu-ra’i-ariʻi E-he-vahine
Aristobulus of Chalcis Salome Aristobulus IV and Berenice
Aristobulus IV Berenice Antipater the Idumaean and Cypros
Atsunaga, Emperor Go-Suzaku Princess Teishi Fujiwara no Michinaga and Minamoto no Rinshi
Prince Bahar of Brunei Princess Azemah Ni'matul Bolkiah 12 January 2023 Omar Ali Saifuddien III and Queen Damit of Brunei
Phra Buddha Loetla Nabhalai Sri Suriyendra 1801 Thongdi, Prince Father and Daoreung
Liu Che, Emperor Wu of Han Empress Chen Jiao Emperor Wen of Han and Empress Dou
Chikahito, Emperor Go-Reizei Princess Shōshi Emperor Ichijō and Empress Shōshi;
Fujiwara no Michinaga and Minamoto no Rinshi
Darius Artaynte Darius the Great and Atossa
Fahd bin Salman Al Saud Nouf bint Khalid bin Abdullah Al Abdul Rahman Ibn Saud and Hussa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
Faisal of Saudi Arabia Al Jawhara bint Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Al Kabir October 1935 Abdul Rahman bin Faisal bin Turki Al Saud and Sara bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
Faisal bin Abdullah bin Mohammed Al Saud Adila bint Abdullah Al Saud Ibn Saud and Fahda bint Asi Al Shuraim
Faisal bin Fahd bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Munira bint Sultan bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Ibn Saud and Hussa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
Faisal bin Saad bin Abdul Rahman Qumash bint Abdulaziz Al Saud Abdul Rahman bin Faisal bin Turki Al Saud and Sara bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
Faisal bin Saad bin Abdul Rahman Sara bint Abdulaziz Al Saud Abdul Rahman bin Faisal bin Turki Al Saud and Sara bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
Faisal bin Turki I Al Saud Hassa bint Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Ibn Saud and Wadha bint Muhammad bin 'Aqab Al Orair
Ghazi of Iraq Aliya bint Ali 25 January 1934 Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz and Abidiya bint Abdullah
Gyeongjong of Goryeo Queen Heonjeong Taejo of Goryeo and Queen Sinjeong
Hamid Mirza Mah Banu Khanum 1946 Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar and Malekeh Jahan
Harun al-Rashid Zubaidah bint Ja'far 781–82 CE Al-Mansur and Arwa
Hassanal Bolkiah Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Hajah Saleha 28 July 1965 Pengiran Anak Abdul Rahman and Pengiran Fatima
Herod Agrippa Cypros Herod the Great and Mariamne I
Iyasada, Emperor Sanjō Fujiwara no Kenshi Fujiwara no Kaneie and Fujiwara no Tokihime
Jehoash of Judah Jehoaddan Jehoram of Judah and Athaliah
Joseph ben Joseph Olympias Antipater the Idumaean and Cypros
Kanehito, Emperor Ichijō Empress Shōshi Fujiwara no Kaneie and Fujiwara no Tokihime
Kanehito, Emperor Ichijō Empress Teishi Fujiwara no Kaneie and Fujiwara no Tokihime
Kangxi Emperor Empress Xiaoyiren Tong Tulai and Lady Sumuru
Khalid bin Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Noura bint Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Abdullah Ibn Saud and Fahda bint Asi Al Shuraim
Khalid bin Hamad Al Khalifa Hessa bint Mohammed bin Isa Al Khalifa 8 July 2017 Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa and Hessa bint Salman Al Khalifa
Khalid bin Sultan Al Saud Lulua bint Fahd Ibn Saud and Hussa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
Khalid bin Sultan Al Saud Abeer bint Turki bin Abdulaziz Ibn Saud and Hussa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum Alia bint Khalifa Al Maktoum 12 March 1971 Saeed bin Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum and Sheikha Hessa bint Al Murr
Mithridates III of Commagene Iotapa Antiochus I of Commagene and Isias
Michiyasu, Emperor Montoku Fujiwara no Akirakeiko Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu and Fujiwara no Mitsuko
Prince Mohamed Bolkiah Pengiran Anak Zariah August 1970 Pengiran Anak Abdul Rahman and Pengiran Fatima
Mohammed Nadir Shah Mah Parwar Begum Mohammad Yahya Khan and Hamdan Sultana Begum
Pengiran Anak Mohammad Yusof Princess Nor'ain Bolkiah 18 August 1967 Pengiran Anak Abdul Rahman and Pengiran Fatima
Mohammed Zahir Shah Humaira Begum 7 November 1931 Muhammad Asif Khan and Murwarid Begum
Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Hind bint Maktoum Al Maktoum 1979 Saeed bin Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum and Sheikha Hessa bint Al Murr
Morihira, Emperor En'yū Fujiwara no Senshi Fujiwara no Morosuke and Fujiwara no Seishi
Muhammad bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Sara bint Saad bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud Abdul Rahman bin Faisal bin Turki Al Saud and Sara bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
Muhammad bin Fahd Al Saud Jawahir bint Nayef bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Ibn Saud and Hussa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
Muhammad bin Nayef Reema bint Sultan Ibn Saud and Hussa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
Muhammad Azam Shah Jahanzeb Banu Begum 3 January 1669 Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal
Munehito, Emperor Toba Fujiwara no Tamako Fujiwara no Sanesue and Fujiwara no Mutsuko
Norihira, Emperor Reizei Princess Masako Emperor Daigo and Fujiwara no Onshi
Norihira, Emperor Reizei Fujiwara no Kaishi Fujiwara no Morosuke and Fujiwara no Seishi
Norihira, Emperor Reizei Fujiwara no Chōshi Fujiwara no Morosuke and Fujiwara no Seishi
Phasael II Salampsio Antipater the Idumaean and Cypros
Pōmare II Tetuanui Tarovahine March 1797 Teu and Tetupaia i Hauiri
Prajadhipok Rambai Barni August 1918 Mongkut and Piyamavadi
Purachatra Jayakara Prabhavasit Narimol 16 November 1904 Mongkut and Debsirindra
Salahuddin of Selangor Raja Nur Saidatul-Ihsan 1943 Sulaiman of Selangor and Cik Puan Hasnah
Salman of Saudi Arabia Sultana bint Turki Al Sudairi 1954 Ahmed bin Mohammed Al Sudairi and Sharifa bint Ali bin Mohammed Al Suwaidi
Salman bin Sultan Al Saud Falwa bint Ahmed bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Ibn Saud and Hussa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
Xue Shao Princess Taiping Emperor Taizong of Tang and Empress Zhangsun
Sipihr Shikoh Zubdat-un-Nissa Begum 30 January 1673 Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal
Sultan Mahomed Shah, Aga Khan III Shahzadi Begum 2 November 1896 Aga Khan I and Sarv-i Jahan Khanum
Takahito, Emperor Go-Sanjō Princess Kaoruko Emperor Ichijō and Empress Shōshi;
Fujiwara no Michinaga and Minamoto no Rinshi
Talal of Jordan Zein al-Sharaf bint Jamil 27 November 1934 Amir Nasser Pasha and Dilber Khanum
Taw Phaya Phaya Rita 4 May 1944 Thibaw Min and Supayalat
Teriʻihinoiatua Pōmare Teriimaevarua III 9 January 1884 Pōmare IV and Ariifaaite
Theyazin bin Haitham Al Said Meyyan bint Shihab Al Said 11 November 2021 Tariq bin Taimur Al Said and Shawana bint Hamud Al Busaidiyah
Thuwaini bin Said Ghaliya bint Salim Al-Busaidiyah Sultan bin Ahmad and Sayyida Ghanneyeh bint Saif Al-Busaidi
Vajiralongkorn Soamsawali 3 January 1977 Nakkhatra Mangala and Bua Kitiyakara
Xerxes I Amestris Hystaspes and Rhodogune
Yohito, Emperor Go-Uda Princess Reishi Emperor Go-Saga and Saionji Kisshi
Yuan Baoji, Emperor Wen of Western Wei Empress Yifu 525 Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei and Consort Yuan
Yugala Dighambara Chalermkhetra Mangala Mongkut and Debsirindra
Zaitian, Guangxu Emperor Jingfen, Empress Dowager Longyu 26 February 1889 Huizheng and Lady Fuca

Aristocracy

[edit]
Husband Wife Married Shared grandparents Ref(s)
Francisco de Borbón y de la Torre Enriqueta de Borbón y Parade, 4th Duchess of Seville 21 August 1907 Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville and Elena María de Castellví y Shelly
Edmund Boyle, 8th Earl of Cork Isabella Henrietta Poyntz 9 October 1795 Kelland Courtenay and Hon. Elizabeth Montagu
Lionel Boyle, 3rd Earl of Orrery Mary Sackville 23 February 1692 Richard Sackville, 5th Earl of Dorset and Lady Frances Cranfield
William Brodrick, 7th Viscount Midleton The Hon. Harriet Brodrick 31 March 1829 George Brodrick, 3rd Viscount Midleton and Albinia Townshend
Theobald Butler, 1st Viscount Butler of Tulleophelim Lady Elizabeth Preston February 1603 James Butler, 9th Earl of Ormond and Lady Joan Fitzgerald
Hon. John Byron Sophia Trevanion 8 September 1748 William Berkeley, 4th Baron Berkeley of Stratton and Frances Temple
Hon. William Byron Juliana Elizabeth Byron 1771 William Byron, 4th Baron Byron and Hon. Frances Berkeley
Frederick William Cadogan Lady Adelaide Paget 29 November 1851 Charles Cadogan, 1st Earl Cadogan and Mary Churchill
Walter Frederick Campbell Lady Eleanor Charteris 14 January 1820 Walter Campbell of Shawfield and Eleanor Kerr
George Cathcart Lady Georgiana Greville 12 May 1824 Charles Cathcart, 9th Lord Cathcart and Jane Hamilton
Lord Edward Cavendish Emma Lascelles 3 August 1865 George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle and Lady Georgiana Cavendish
Bernard Coleridge, 2nd Baron Coleridge Mary Mackarness 3 August 1876 John Taylor Coleridge and Mary Buchanan
Diego Colón de Toledo, 4th Admiral of the Indies Felipa Colón de Toledo, 2nd Duchess of Veragua Diego Columbus and María de Toledo
William Wirich, Count of Daun-Falkenstein Elisabeth of Waldeck-Wildungen 28 November 1634 John VII, Count of Nassau-Siegen and Magdalene of Waldeck-Wildungen
Henry de Nassau d'Auverquerque, 1st Earl of Grantham Lady Henrietta Butler 12 January 1697 Louis of Nassau, Lord of De Lek and Beverweerd and Countess Isabella of Hornes
David Dawnay Lady Katharine de la Poer Beresford 14 October 1926 John Beresford, 5th Marquess of Waterford and Lady Blanche Somerset
Henri de La Trémoille, 3rd Duke of Thouars Marie de La Tour d'Auvergne 18 February 1619 William the Silent and Charlotte of Bourbon
Christopher I, Burgrave and Count of Dohna-Schlodien Frede (Frederica) Marie von Dohna 18 November 1690 Christopher von Dohna and Ursula of Solms-Braunfels
Cospatrick Douglas-Home, 11th Earl of Home Hon. Lucy Elizabeth Montagu-Scott 4 December 1832 Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch and Lady Elizabeth Montagu
John Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 2nd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu Lady Cecil Kerr 4 June 1889 Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 5th Duke of Buccleuch and Lady Charlotte Thynne
James Dutton, 3rd Baron Sherborne Lady Elizabeth Howard 22 June 1826 James Dutton, 1st Baron Sherborne and Elizabeth Coke
William FitzClarence, 2nd Earl of Munster Wilhelmina Kennedy-Erskine 17 April 1855 William IV and Dorothea Jordan
The Hon. Dudley Fortescue Lady Camilla Wallop 8 June 1852 Hugh Fortescue, 1st Earl Fortescue and Hester Grenville
Robert Fulke Greville Louisa Cathcart, 2nd Countess of Mansfield 19 October 1797 Lord Archibald Hamilton and Lady Jane Hamilton
Booth Grey Lady Sophia Grey 21 October 1809 Harry Grey, 4th Earl of Stamford and Lady Mary Booth
George Grey, 8th Baron Grey of Groby Lady Katherine Charteris Wemyss 20 December 1824 Francis Charteris, Lord Elcho and Susan Keck
Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster Lady Constance Leveson-Gower 28 April 1852 George Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland and Elizabeth Gordon, 19th Countess of Sutherland
John Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Abercorn Lady Cecil Hamilton 4 March 1792 James Hamilton, 7th Earl of Abercorn and Anne Plumer
John Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Selkirk Lady Anne Kennedy 21 June 1694 James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton and Margaret Feilding, Duchess of Hamilton
George Harcourt, 2nd Earl Harcourt Hon. Elizabeth Venables-Vernon 26 September 1765 Hon. Simon Harcourt and Elizabeth Evelyn
Michael Hare, 2nd Viscount Blakenham Marcia Persephone Hare 12 January 1965 Richard Hare, 4th Earl of Listowel and Freda Vanden-Bempde-Johnstone
Charles Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis, 20th Baron Clinton Harriet Williamina Hepburn-Forbes 29 July 1858 William Kerr, 6th Marquess of Lothian and Lady Harriet Scott
Henry Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon Elizabeth Howard 26 December 1878 Lord Henry Howard-Molyneux-Howard and Elizabeth Long
George Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke Elizabeth Beauclerk 8 April 1787 Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough and Hon. Elizabeth Trevor
John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle Lady Margaret Cavendish 1 March 1690 William Pierrepont and Elizabeth Harries
Henry Howard, 11th Earl of Suffolk Catherine Graham 5 March 1709 William Howard and Elizabeth Dundas
Francis Keith-Falconer, 8th Earl of Kintore Louisa Madeleine Hawkins 24 June 1851 Francis Hawkins and Helen Dempster Burrington
William Kerr, 2nd Marquess of Lothian Lady Jean Campbell June 1685 Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll and Lady Margaret Douglas
Thomas Knox, 1st Earl of Ranfurly The Hon. Diana Jane Pery 2 June 1785 John Vesey, 1st Baron Knapton and Elizabeth Brownlow
Henry Labouchere, 1st Baron Taunton Frances Baring 10 April 1840 Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet and Harriet Herring
John Leslie-Melville, 9th Earl of Leven Harriet Thornton 15 September 1812 John Thornton and Lucy Watson
John Leslie-Melville, 9th Earl of Leven Sophia Thornton 23 April 1834 John Thornton and Lucy Watson
John Manners-Sutton Anne Manners April 1778 John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland and The Hon. Bridget Sutton
George Monckton-Arundell, 6th Viscount Galway Henrietta Maria Milnes 25 April 1838 Robert Monckton-Arundell, 4th Viscount Galway and Elizabeth Mathew
George Murray, 5th Earl of Dunmore Lady Susan Hamilton 3 August 1803 Alexander Stewart, 6th Earl of Galloway and Lady Catherine Cochrane
James Murray Lady Catherine Stewart 12 April 1751 James Stewart, 5th Earl of Galloway and Lady Catherine Montgomerie
John Murray, 3rd Duke of Atholl Charlotte Murray, Duchess of Atholl 23 October 1753 John Murray, 1st Duke of Atholl and Lady Katherine Hamilton
Henry Edward Napier Caroline Bennet 17 November 1823 Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond and Sarah Lennox, Duchess of Richmond
Baptist Noel, 3rd Earl of Gainsborough Lady Dorothy Manners 1706 Baptist Noel, 3rd Viscount Campden and Lady Elizabeth Bertie
Henry O'Brien, 7th Earl of Thomond Lady Anne O'Brien 1641 Donogh O'Brien, 4th Earl of Thomond and Lady Elizabeth FitzGerald
Murrough O'Brien, 1st Marquess of Thomond Mary O'Brien, 3rd Countess of Orkney 1753 William O'Brien, 3rd Earl of Inchiquin and Mary Villiers
William O'Brien, 4th Earl of Inchiquin Anne Douglas-Hamilton, 2nd Countess of Orkney 29 March 1720 Sir Edward Villiers and Lady Frances Howard
Lord George Paget Agnes Charlotte Paget 27 February 1854 Henry Paget, 1st Earl of Uxbridge and Jane Champagné
Henry Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle Catherine Pelham 16 October 1744 Thomas Pelham, 1st Baron Pelham and Lady Grace Holles
John Petty, 1st Earl of Shelburne Mary FitzMaurice 16 February 1734 William FitzMaurice, 20th Baron Kerry and Constance Long
Charles Ponsonby, 2nd Baron de Mauley Lady Maria Ponsonby 9 August 1838 Frederick Ponsonby, 3rd Earl of Bessborough and Henrietta Ponsonby, Countess of Bessborough
Henry Reynolds-Moreton, 3rd Earl of Ducie Julia Langston 24 May 1849 Thomas Reynolds-Moreton, 1st Earl of Ducie and Lady Frances Herbert
Robert Rich, 3rd Earl of Warwick Anne Cheeke 5 October 1645 Robert Rich, 1st Earl of Warwick and Lady Penelope Devereux
Anselm Salomon von Rothschild Charlotte Nathan Rothschild 1826 Mayer Amschel Rothschild and Guttle Schnapper
Lionel de Rothschild Charlotte von Rothschild 15 June 1836 Mayer Amschel Rothschild and Guttle Schnapper
Mayer Carl von Rothschild Louise von Rothschild 6 April 1842 Mayer Amschel Rothschild and Guttle Schnapper
Nathan Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild Baroness Emma von Rothschild 16 April 1867 Nathan Mayer Rothschild and Hannah Barent Cohen;
Carl Mayer von Rothschild and Adelheid Herz
Nathaniel de Rothschild Charlotte de Rothschild 17 August 1842 Mayer Amschel Rothschild and Guttle Schnapper
Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford Lady Margaret Russell 12 November 1691 Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford and Catherine Brydges
Lord Wriothesley Russell Elizabeth Russell 23 June 1829 Francis Russell, Marquess of Tavistock and Lady Elizabeth Keppel
Granville Ryder Lady Georgiana Somerset 30 May 1825 Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford and Susanna Leveson-Gower, Marchioness of Stafford
Lionel Sackville-West, 3rd Baron Sackville Victoria Sackville-West, Baroness Sackville 17 June 1890 George Sackville-West, 5th Earl De La Warr and Elizabeth Sackville, 1st Baroness Buckhurst
Pedro Sánchez de Tagle, 2nd Marquis of Altamira Luisa Sánchez de Tagle Don Anselmo Sánchez de Tagle and Juliana de la Rasa Barreda
Władysław Hieronim Sanguszko Izabela Maria Lubomirska 6 July 1829 Józef Klemens Czartoryski and Dorota Barbara Jabłonowska
John Scott, 4th Earl of Eldon The Hon. Magdalen Fraser 10 April 1934 Simon Fraser, 13th Lord Lovat and Alice Maria Weld-Blundell
Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre Antonia Domínguez y Borrell 29 September 1850 Miguel María Domínguez Guevara Vasconcellos y Albuquerque and Antonia De Guevara-Vasconcelos y Alburquerque
Edward Smith-Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby Charlotte Margaret Hornby 30 June 1798 James Smith-Stanley, Lord Strange and Lucy Smith
John Henry Smyth Lady Elizabeth FitzRoy 18 April 1814 Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton and Hon. Anne Liddell
Lord Arthur John Henry Somerset Hon. Elizabeth Boscawen 23 June 1808 Hon. Edward Boscawen and Frances Glanville
John Spencer Lady Elizabeth Spencer 5 February 1790 Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough and Hon. Elizabeth Trevor
George Spencer-Churchill, 6th Duke of Marlborough Lady Jane Stewart 13 January 1819 John Stewart, 7th Earl of Galloway and Anne Dashwood
George Spencer-Churchill, 6th Duke of Marlborough Jane Stewart 18 October 1851 John Stewart, 7th Earl of Galloway and Anne Dashwood
James Stopford, 4th Earl of Courtown Lady Charlotte Montagu-Scott 4 July 1822 Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch and Lady Elizabeth Montagu
Henry Sturt, 1st Baron Alington Lady Augusta Bingham 10 September 1853 Robert Brudenell, 6th Earl of Cardigan and Penelope Brudenell, Countess of Cardigan
Ralph Tollemache Caroline Tollemache 15 February 1853 William Tollemache, Lord Huntingtower and Catherine Gray, Lady Manners
William Tollemache, Lord Huntingtower Katherine Elizabeth Camilla Burke 26 September 1851 William Tollemache, Lord Huntingtower and Catherine Gray, Lady Manners
Toyotomi Hideyori Senhime 1603 Azai Nagamasa and Oichi
William Vane, 1st Duke of Cleveland Lady Catherine Powlett 17 September 1787 Robert Lowther and Katherine Pennington
George Waldegrave, 4th Earl Waldegrave Elizabeth Waldegrave, Countess Waldegrave 5 May 1782 James Waldegrave, 1st Earl Waldegrave and Mary Webb
William Waldegrave, 9th Earl Waldegrave Lady Mary Palmer 5 August 1874 William Waldegrave, 8th Earl Waldegrave and Elizabeth Whitbread
Lewis Watson, 2nd Earl of Rockingham Catherine Furnese 10 April 1736 Lewis Watson, 1st Earl of Rockingham and Catherine Sondes
Hon. Edward Ward Lady Arabella Crosbie 15 February 1783 John Bligh, 1st Earl of Darnley and Theodosia Bligh, 10th Baroness Clifton
Charles Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 5th Earl Fitzwilliam Hon. Mary Dundas 8 July 1806 William Fitzwilliam, 3rd Earl Fitzwilliam and Lady Anne Watson-Wentworth
Other Windsor, 5th Earl of Plymouth Hon. Sarah Archer 20 May 1778 Thomas Archer, 1st Baron Archer and Catherine Tipping

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Sarah Kershaw, "Shaking Off the Shame", The New York Times, 26 November 2009.
  2. ^ Martin Ottenheimer, Forbidden Relatives: The American Myth of Cousin Marriage, Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 1996, chapter 5.
  3. ^ Goodrich, Charles A. (1829). Lives of the Signers to the Declaration of Independence. New York: William Reed & Co. pp. 131–38.
  4. ^ Jenny Uglow, "Big Talkers" (review of Leo Damrosch, The Club: Johnson, Boswell, and the Friends Who Shaped an Age, Yale University Press, 473 pp.), The New York Review of Books, vol. LXVI, no. 9 (23 May 2019), p. 28.
  5. ^ "Christine Boutin poursuivra en justice ceux qui l'attaquent sur son mari (et cousin germain)", ozap.com, 5-29-2013.
  6. ^ Ward, Bob. Dr. Space: The Life of Wernher von Braun. p. 72.
  7. ^ Charles Bulfinch biography, nndb.com. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  8. ^ Intimate Disclosures in Darwin Letters, The New York Times, 29 August 1915. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  9. ^ Raven, Peter; Johnson, George (1995). Understanding Biology 3rd Edition. Wm. C. Brown Communications. p. 287. ISBN 0-697-22213-6.
  10. ^ Albert Einstein – Great Minds, Great Thinkers, edInformatics. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  11. ^ Notable Kin: Boston Cousins of Queen Victoria and Yankee Ancestors of Mrs. Thomas Philip, New England Historic Genealogical Society. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  12. ^ "Cápsulas Genealógicas: Santiago, la cuna de los Espaillat" (in Spanish). 15 February 2014.
  13. ^ "Historia Dominicana: Viriato Fiallo, líder político importante luego de la era de Trujillo" (in Spanish).
  14. ^ Riffenburgh, Beau. Encyclopedia of the Antarctic – Volume 1. Taylor & Francis. p. 424.
  15. ^ Flood, John J.; McGough, Jim. "Carlo Gambino, His Rise As New York's Mafia King". ipsn.org. Archived from the original on May 16, 2008. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
  16. ^ Van Tuyl, Jocelyn (2012). Andre Gide and the Second World War: A Novelist's Occupation. SUNY Press. p. 5.
  17. ^ Biographies – Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Gale Group. Retrieved 2008-03-13. Archived April 18, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ Spalding, Frances (1998). Duncan Grant: A Biography. Random House. ISBN 0-7126-6640-0.
  19. ^ Edward and Nina Grieg, Peter Hughes. Retrieved 2008-03-13. Archived March 14, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ Ebenstein, Alan O. (2001). Friedrich Hayek: A Biography. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Trade. p. 169. ISBN 978-0312233440.
  21. ^ Partridge, Monica. Alexander Herzen: 1812–1870. p. 21.
  22. ^ Weiser, Kathy. "Zee James – Wife of Jesse James". legendsofamerica.com. Archived from the original on March 23, 2008. Retrieved March 13, 2008.
  23. ^ "Subtle change of seasons". The Economist. Retrieved August 6, 2010.
  24. ^ "Nobusuke Kishi Biography". Encyclopedia of World Biography. Retrieved March 13, 2008.
  25. ^ Maxford, Howard. David Lean. p. 14.
  26. ^ Gerardo Machado, History of Cuba. Retrieved 1-29-2010.
  27. ^ "Delarivier Manely". enotes.com.
  28. ^ Brigadier General Francis Marion of the American Army, myrevolutionarywar.com. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  29. ^ Abraham Maslow, nndb.com. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  30. ^ Madeleine Milhaud: Actress wife of the composer, The Independent. Retrieved 9-6-2010.
  31. ^ "Marina Mora se casa con su primo hermano". terra.com.pe (in Spanish). Peru. July 31, 2005. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
  32. ^ Karabel, Jerome (2006). The Chosen: The Hidden History of Admission and Exclusion at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 566.
  33. ^ Outlines of English and American Literature, William J. Long. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  34. ^ Biography of Sergei Rachmaninoff[usurped], Sonal Panse. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  35. ^ Kr De, Arup (27 April 2008). "Ties that Bind". The Statesman. Calcutta, India. Satyajit Ray had an unconventional marriage. He married Bijoya (born 1917), youngest daughter of his eldest maternal uncle, Charuchandra Das, in 1948 in a secret ceremony in Bombay after a long romantic relationship that had begun around the time he left college in 1940. The marriage was reconfirmed in Calcutta the next year at a traditional religious ceremony
  36. ^ This much I know: Greta Scacchi, actor, 48, Sussex, The Observer. Retrieved 1-04-2009.
  37. ^ Igor Stravinsky, nndb.com. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  38. ^ Alan Rusbridger, "Two Centuries of 'The Guardian'", The New York Review of Books, vol. LXVIII, no. 9 (27 May 2021), pp. 30–32. (P. 31.)
  39. ^ Shogun and Samurai – Tales of Nobunaga, Hideyoshi, and Ieyasu, Okanoya Shigezane. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  40. ^ Williams, Raymond L. (2001), Vargas Llosa: otra historia de un deicidio, Mexico: Taurus, p. 54, ISBN 968-19-0814-7
  41. ^ "H.G. Wells". TheFreeLibrary.com. March 13, 2008.
  42. ^ William Whipple and the Declaration of Independence, Speech given by Comrade Joseph Foster, Paymaster U.S. Navy, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 20 November 1892. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  43. ^ Russell, Iain F. (2004). "Yule family (per. 1863–1928), merchants and industrialists". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/61112. Retrieved 15 January 2019. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)